Cork

Cork is a naturally derived material harvested from the bark of the cork oak tree — making it one of the more renewable options for flooring in particular. Like other timber products, if responsibly managed cork can be an endlessly renewable and sustainable material. . Its harvesting process actively supports carbon sequestration rather than depleting it. 
Cork provides thermal and acoustic insulation, helping retain warmth and reducing noise levels. It is also a natural fire retardant, as it does not spread flames. 
 

Facts

• Cork is harvested from the bark of the cork oak tree; the tree is not felled. Bark is removed by hand every nine years from the age of 25, and the tree can live over 200 years - regenerating its bark up to 20 times. (SOURCE)
• A cork oak tree used for harvesting can store up to five times more CO₂ than an unharvested one, thanks to the regeneration process — making cork effectively carbon negative. When stripped of bark, the tree typically absorbs 3–5 times more CO₂ while regenerating. (SOURCE)
   

Key Points

Use legislation or certifications

In countries such as Portugal legislation can help guarantee cork is sustainably sourced. Alternatively, look for FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) or PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification) certification to ensure replanting occurs and that the product comes from a legally and sustainably managed source.

Has the cork been treated?

Cork is not as long-lasting as some other wood-based products. PVC is sometimes added to improve durability (see PLASTICS). Urea formaldehyde, a suspected human carcinogen, is sometimes used as a binder in cork flooring products. 

Opt for low-VOC or untreated cork 

For healthy indoor air quality and ease of composting.

Durability limitations

Properly cared for, cork flooring can last 10 to 30 years Avoid areas where it could get quickly worn, stained or prolonged direct sunlight.

Cork is resistant to water but is not waterproof

It should not be used in wet rooms, and spills must be cleaned up promptly. 

Hypoallergenic  

Cork is hypoallergenic and resistant to mould and mildew, making it a suitable choice for allergy and asthma sufferers.

A material with no production wastage

Every part of the cork material is used across a wide range of product types, from large format to granular, meaning there is no wastage.

End of life 

If PVC or synthetic coatings or binders haven’t been been used, cork will compost safely